The influence of cultural prohibitions on wildlife hunting and consumption in western Madagascar
Keywords:
gibier, chasse, tabou alimentaire, fady, interdiction culturelle, aversion alimentaire, game, hunting, taboo, wildlife huntingAbstract
Unsustainable hunting is a leading driver of species decline globally, particularly in biodiversity hotspots like Madagascar, where wildlife conservation challenges intersect with severe humanitarian needs. In the Menabe Region near Kirindy Mitea National Park, wildlife hunting persists despite various prohibitions. While national legal frameworks, often developed with limited local input, seek to regulate hunting and consumption behaviors, regional studies have consistently shown that these laws alone are insufficient in safeguarding vulnerable species. In contrast, food prohibitions, such as species-specific taboos (or traditional fady in the case of Madagascar), are culturally derived prohibitions and ethical relations that shape how Malagasy individuals perceive and engage with wild and domestic animals. Previous research has highlighted the potential of fady to protect particular species while also acknowledging the complex nature of fady adherence in conservation contexts. This paper considers the impact of both locally rooted belief systems and national regulatory structures on wildlife use in a village near Kirindy Mitea National Park, where communities are navigating intersecting challenges of food insecurity and reliance on wild meat for sustenance. We carried out quantitative surveys of heads of households regarding their personal beliefs and adherence to taboos and laws, and expanded upon this information through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key informants. While fady discouraged consumption in some species, it did not significantly impact hunting behavior. Similarly, stricter hunting laws are associated with reduced consumption but have little impact on hunting practices, primarily due to poor law awareness. These findings underscore the limitations of top-down conservation policies and the need to support community-led conservation approaches that are informed by local priorities, challenges, and existing governance structures. Effective conservation policies must simultaneously recognize and address structural challenges, like food insecurity, that shape decision-making. These findings suggest the need for ongoing, community-engaged qualitative research into the material and sociocultural contexts that inform decision-making about wildlife use.
Résumé
La chasse non durable entraîne le déclin des populations de nombreuses espèces dans le monde, notamment à Madagascar, un hotspot de la biodiversité confronté à de graves défis écologiques et humanitaires. Bien que des lois imposées au niveau central visent à régulariser la chasse et les comportements des consommateurs, des études régionales ont montré que ces lois, à elles seules, ne suffisent pas à protéger les espèces vulnérables. En revanche, les interdictions alimentaires, telles que les tabous spécifiques à certaines espèces (fady de consommation dans le contexte malgache), sont des interdits d'origine culturelle qui influencent la perception et l'utilisation de la viande sauvage et domestique par les Malgaches. Des recherches antérieures ont mis en évidence le rôle potentiel des fady dans la protection de certaines espèces, tout en reconnaissant la complexité de leur respect dans un contexte de conservation. Cet article examine l’influence des interdictions culturelles et légales sur l’utilisation de la faune dans un village proche du parc national de Kirindy Mitea, dans la région de Menabe, à l’ouest de Madagascar. Ce village est caractérisé par un niveau élevé de chasse aux animaux sauvages, combiné à une insécurité alimentaire et une malnutrition significatives, mais l'effet des interdictions sur l'utilisation de la faune y a été peu étudié. Nous avons mené des enquêtes quantitatives auprès de chefs de ménage sur leurs croyances personnelles et leur adhésion aux fady, et complété ces informations par des groupes de discussion et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des informateurs clés. Bien que les fady influencent négativement la consommation, ils n'ont pas d'effet significatif sur la capture des animaux. De même, des lois plus strictes sur la chasse sont associées à une réduction de la consommation, bien que les résultats soient nuancés. Toutefois, les lois de conservation imposées d'en haut étaient peu connues dans la communauté et n'ont pas réduit la capture et la consommation de la faune sauvage. Nous recommandons des études qualitatives supplémentaires pour mieux comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles les individus consomment des espèces qu'ils considèrent comme immangeables ou culturellement interdites, afin d'expliquer leur prise de décision en matière d'utilisation de la faune.
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