Pressions anthropiques sur la forêt de Besalampy : richesse faunique, caractère socio-économique et accords pour la création d’une nouvelle aire protégée
Keywords:
biodiversité, inventaires biologiques, enquêtes socio-économiques, lémuriens, oiseaux, tortue endémique, population locale, MadagascarAbstract
Based on the Réseau de la Biodiversité de Madagascar (ReBioma), the forest of Besalampy, western Madagascar, is a potential site to protect the biodiversity, although subject to high anthropogenic pressure. Hence, biological and socio-economic surveys have been made in order to create a sustainable conservation project. Direct observations, and song and call listening technics were used to list species of lemurs, reptiles, amphibians and birds along predefined transects. Some birds have been captured using nets. Thus, four species of lemur (Eulemur rufifrons, Hapalemur occidentalis, Lepilemur ruficaudatus, Propithecus deckenii), 31 species of bird including those belonging to Malagasy endemic family (Vangidae: Leptopterus viridis) and subfamily (Couinae: Coua coquereli and C cristata), and the endemic critically endangered big-headed turtle Erymnochelys madagascariensis were sampled. The habitat loss resulting from anthropogenic activities and hunting threatened the biodiversity in Besalampy. The poor living condition forced the local community to use the forest resources in an irrational manner, and the creation of a new protected area should provide a conciliation between biodiversity and local people.
Résumé
Des inventaires biologiques et des enquêtes socio-économiques ont été effectués dans un site potentiel pour la protection de la biodiversité, subissant une forte pression anthropique, à Besalampy, ouest de Madagascar, afin de créer un projet de conservation durable. Quatre espèces de lémuriens (Eulemur rufifrons, Hapalemur occidentalis, Lepilemur ruficaudatus, Propithecus deckenii), 31 espèces d’oiseaux avec des espèces appartenant aux familles (Vangidae : Leptopterus viridis) et sous-familles endémiques (Couinae : Coua coquereli et C. cristata) malgaches ; et la tortue endémique en danger critique d’extinction Erymnochelys madagascariensis, ont été échantillonnées. La création d’une nouvelle aire protégée pourrait profiter à la fois à la protection de la biodiversité et l’amélioration du bien-être des villageois vivant à proximité de cette zone de Besalampy.
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