Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, song during the breeding season in the Gulf of Tribugá, Colombian Pacific

Authors

  • Christina E. Perazio Psychology Department, The University of Southern Mississippi Fundación Macuáticos Colombia
  • Maria E. Zapetis Psychology Department, The University of Southern Mississippi
  • Dana Roberson Psychology Department, The University of Southern Mississippi
  • Natalia Botero Psychology Department, The University of Southern Mississippi Fundación Macuáticos Colombia
  • Stan Kuczaj II Psychology Department, The University of Southern Mississippi

Keywords:

Humpback whale, song, mating, conservation

Abstract

A key feature of humpback whale behavior, documented primarily on the breeding grounds, is the repertoire of the males’ song. Song is made up of single units combined together into phrases, which are repeated to make up themes. A song consists of several themes sung in succession. This study qualitatively investigates the presence and structure of song recorded in the Gulf of Tribugá in the Colombian Pacific. Data were collected between June and September 2013, from which approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes of song were analyzed from five individual whales. Three distinct themes, always sung in the same order (theme 1-theme 2-theme 3) were identified. Theme 1 was the most predominant theme overall, and was present in each song session that was analyzed. The structure of each theme is described with accompanying spectrograms, and acoustic parameters further illustrate theme progression and characterize differences between whales. This study serves as the first published descriptive analysis of the song of stock G in this area, and suggestions are made for future directions of investigation. Research on humpback song is used as a part of the overall efforts of Macuáticos Colombia Foundation to educate the communities of the Gulf of Tribugá about the importance of conservation, and to advocate for stricter guidelines for safe practices.

 

Résumé

Les baleines à bosse ont été observées dans le monde entier et elles migrent chaque année entre leurs zones de nourrissage dans les latitudes élevées et les aires de reproduction aux latitudes basses. Le chant des baleines à bosse est l’un des comportements lié à l’accouplement qui a été documenté sur les aires de reproduction. Ce chant est composé d'unités simples combinées dans des phrases et qui sont répétées pour composer des thèmes. Les chants sont composés de plusieurs thèmes et sont principalement émis par les mâles. L'étude actuelle a porté sur la présence et la structure du chant des baleines à bosse du G-stock enregistré dans le golfe de Tribugá dans le Pacifique colombien. Les données ont été recueillies entre juin et septembre 2013 à l'aide d'un hydrophone SQ26-08 au cours d’excursions en bateau qui se sont déroulées 3 fois par semaine. La structure du chant a été codée en utilisant Raven Pro 1.4. Environ 4 heures et 30 minutes de chant ont été analysées et les chercheurs ont identifié trois thèmes distincts qui ont toujours été entendus dans le même ordre. Le thème 1 dominait dans tous les enregistrements et était composé de répétitions de légères variations de l'expression ‘ABABABAA’. Le thème 2 était composé de répétitions des unités ‘F’ et ‘Bl’, avec des variations de la phrase de multiples unités répétées dans une rangée. Le thème 3 était composé de phrases répétées d'une unité longue ‘upsweep’ tonale 'LU', suivie par une unité courte ‘upsweep’ tonale ‘SU’, parfois avec une unité ‘downsweep’ dans le motif. L'unité ‘S’ a été entendue pendant les transitions du thème 3 au thème 1. Le thème 1 a été entendu beaucoup plus fréquemment que les autres thèmes et le thème 3 était le moins fréquemment enregistré. La structure changeante de chaque thème a été décrite avec des spectrogrammes d'accompagnement et les paramètres acoustiques ont été utilisés pour différencier les unités. Cette étude est la première analyse descriptive du chant du stock G dans ce domaine et des suggestions sont proposées pour les orientations futures de l'étude. Les enregistrements sonores ont été utilisés pour soutenir les efforts déployés par la Fondation Macuáticos Colombie pour sensibiliser éduquer les communautés du golfe de Tribugá sur l'importance de la conservation et pour renforcer les directives portant sur les pratiques sécurisées d’observation des baleines et de la pêche.

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Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the Gulf of Tribugá, Colombian Pacific. Photo by Natalia Botero-Acosta, Macuáticos Colombia Foundation®

Published

19-12-2018

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Section

Special Section