Assessing poverty and the relative importance of small-scale lobster fishing activity in coastal communities, southeast Madagascar

Authors

  • Jessica C. Savage
  • Sylvestre M. Randrianantenaina SEED Madagascar
  • Andrew Turner
  • Annelin Verkade SEED Madagascar
  • Allison B. DeVries
  • Quinn M. Parker SEED Madagascar
  • Dr Stephen Long Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-9364

Keywords:

Basic Necessities Survey, Small-scale fisheries, Locally managed marine area, LMMA, Pêche artisanale, Indian Ocean, livelihood

Abstract

Over 1.3 billion people worldwide are living in multidimensional poverty, where income and access to critical goods, services and utilities is limited. A lack of reliable, accessible, and resource-efficient methods of measuring poverty is a barrier to assessing the effectiveness of conservation and development initiatives designed to alleviate poverty and promote prosperity. This study employed the Basic Necessities Survey (BNS) as a context-specific tool for measuring multidimensional poverty. The approach produces a BNS score based on the level of access to assets (e.g., cooking equipment) and services (e.g., access to a doctor) that are locally considered basic necessities. The BNS was applied in southeast Madagascar to assess levels of prosperity in six coastal communities and gain insights into the relative importance of lobster fishing as an economic activity. All households surveyed (n=533) were found to be below the context-specific poverty line, with most households lacking access to multiple basic assets and services. Across all six communities, households engaged in the lobster fishery were found to be experiencing significantly lower levels of poverty, demonstrating the socio-economic importance of this fishery. Poverty levels were similar between communities, despite differences in non-governmental organisation (NGO) interventions and community-based fishery management, with the exception of one community experiencing significantly higher levels of poverty. The findings demonstrate the pervasive nature of poverty and deprivation in this region and have implications for ongoing efforts to promote sustainable management of marine resources. The BNS survey was found to be a resource-efficient tool, capable of measuring multidimensional poverty in a context-specific manner to support comparison within and between communities. The study demonstrates the BNS approach is an accessible and powerful tool for conservation and development practitioners. It is a nuanced measure of multidimensional poverty in communities, providing a means to monitor the impact of conservation and development interventions.

 

Résumé

Plus de 1,3 milliard de personnes dans le monde vivent dans une pauvreté multidimensionnelle, où les revenus et l'accès aux biens, services et services essentiels sont limités. Le manque de méthodes fiables, accessibles et économes en ressources pour mesurer la pauvreté est un obstacle à l'évaluation de l'efficacité des initiatives de conservation et de développement conçues pour réduire la pauvreté et promouvoir la prospérité. Cette étude a utilisé l'enquête sur les besoins de base (BNS) comme outil spécifique au contexte pour mesurer la pauvreté multidimensionnelle. L'approche produit un score BNS basé sur le niveau d'accès aux biens (par exemple, le matériel de cuisine) et aux services (par exemple, l'accès à un médecin) qui sont localement considérés comme des nécessités de base. Le BNS a été appliqué dans le sud-est de Madagascar pour évaluer les niveaux de prospérité dans six communautés côtières et mieux comprendre l'importance relative de la pêche au homard en tant qu'activité économique. Tous les ménages interrogés (n = 533) se trouvaient en dessous du seuil de pauvreté spécifique au contexte, la grande majorité des ménages n'ayant pas accès à plusieurs biens et services de base. Dans les six communautés, les ménages engagés dans la pêche au homard se sont avérés connaître des niveaux de pauvreté nettement inférieurs, démontrant l'importance socio-économique de cette pêche.  Les niveaux de pauvreté étaient similaires entre les communautés, malgré les différences dans les interventions des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et la gestion communautaire des pêches, à l’exception d’une communauté connaissant des niveaux de pauvreté significativement plus élevés. Les résultats démontrent la nature omniprésente de la pauvreté et des privations dans cette région et ont des implications pour les efforts en cours visant à promouvoir la gestion durable des ressources marines. L'enquête BNS s'est avérée être un outil économe en ressources, capable de mesurer la pauvreté multidimensionnelle d'une manière spécifique au contexte pour soutenir la comparaison au sein et entre les communautés et entre elles. L'étude démontre que l'approche BNS est un outil accessible et puissant pour les praticiens de la conservation et du développement. Il s'agit d’une mesure nuancée de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle dans les communautés, offrant un moyen de surveiller l'impact des interventions de conservation et de développement.

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Dugout canoes near Fort-Dauphin. Photo Didier Mauro

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